This course includes two parts:

1)  a series of lectures (in French) at the College de France (amphithéatre Maurice Halbwachs), 

every monday, 4.30-6pm - starting Oct 1, ending Nov 5th and followed by a 2 day international workshop (in English) on Nov 13-14th. 2) a paper reading seminar which will be held at IPGP, on fridays 1.30-2.30pm, starting Sept 21st and until Nov 23rd, room 310

Credit for this course will be given as follows: - 2 days for attending the lectures and presenting a poster at the November workshop on the subject of your choice related to the course topic - 4 days if , in addition, you participate in the reading seminar and present one paper. An organizational meeting for the seminar will be held on Friday Sept 21st.